{"id":1690,"date":"2017-06-28T16:44:45","date_gmt":"2017-06-28T11:14:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.pheonixsolutions.com\/?p=1690"},"modified":"2017-07-13T20:08:47","modified_gmt":"2017-07-13T14:38:47","slug":"postfix-postfixadmin-dovecot-squirrelmail","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pheonixsolutions.com\/blog\/postfix-postfixadmin-dovecot-squirrelmail\/","title":{"rendered":"install and configure postfix and dovecot on CentOS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Postfix is a free and open-source mail transfer agent (MTA) that routes and delivers electronic mail, intended as an alternative to Sendmail MTA.<\/p>\n<p>Remove sendmail if it was already installed on your system<\/p>\n<div><code>yum remove sendmail<\/code><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>#1 Install Postfix<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>Now Install Postfix \u00a0and make sure it started\u00a0at boot by adding chkconfig.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<div><code>yum install\u00a0postfix<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><code>chkconfig postfix on<\/code><\/p>\n<p><strong>#2 Create user to access mailbox<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lets create system user that will have access to mailbox with shell login disabled.<\/p>\n<p><code>useradd -s \/sbin\/nologin mboxuser<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Make a note of UID &amp; GID of this user<\/p>\n<p><code>grep mboxuser \/etc\/passwd<br \/>\n<\/code><\/p>\n<p><code>mboxuser:x:500:500::\/home\/mboxuser:\/sbin\/nologin<\/code><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>#3. Edit Postfix Config file\u00a0<\/strong><br \/>\nIf its a production server, takef a backup of main.cf<\/p>\n<p><code>cd \/etc\/postfix\/<\/code><br \/>\n<code>cp main.cf main.cf.BKP-DATE<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Now open and edit main.cf file. You have to make sure uncomment or edit lines to fit your environment.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">myhostname = server.mydomain.com\r\nmydomain = mydomain.com\r\nmyorigin = $mydomain\r\n\r\ninet_interfaces = all\r\ninet_protocols = ipv4\r\n\r\n# Uncomment and add or remove your local network if needed\r\nmynetworks = 127.0.0.0\/8,\u00a0[::1]\/128\r\n\r\n\r\n# Uncomment\r\nhome_mailbox = Maildir\/\r\n\r\n# Add the following lines at the bottom\r\n# Virtual domain config\r\nvirtual_mailbox_domains = \/etc\/postfix\/virtual_domains\r\nvirtual_mailbox_base = \/var\/mail\/vhosts\r\nvirtual_mailbox_maps = hash:\/etc\/postfix\/vmailbox\r\n\r\n\r\n# Replace UID:GID numbers with ones from Step 2\r\nvirtual_minimum_uid = 500\r\nvirtual_maximum_uid = 500\r\nvirtual_uid_maps = static:500\r\nvirtual_gid_maps = static:500\r\nvirtual_alias_maps = hash:\/etc\/postfix\/virtual\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n<p><strong>#4. Create Virtual Domains File<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lets create a file\u00a0\/etc\/postfix\/virtual_domains which will hold all domains of our mail server. The file localtion should be defined in main.cf for virtual_mailbox_domains. \u00a0Update the virtual_domains file with domain names.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">my-domain.com\r\nmy-domain.net<\/pre>\n<p><strong>#5. Create Mailbox File<\/strong><br \/>\nThis is the file \u201c\/etc\/postfix\/vmailbox\u201d defined in our\u201cmain.cf\u201d and in here where we must enter all of the users with their domains, that will recieve their mails on this server.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">info@my-domain.com my-domain.com\/info\/\r\nname.surname@my-domain.org my-domain.org\/name.surname\/<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Every line must end with \u201c\/\u201d otherwise the users will not recieve their emails into their mailboxes.<br \/>\nWe can also implement a \u201ccatch-all\u201d account, to catch all emails for recipients not listed in \u201cvirtual_domains\u201d file:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">@my-domain3.org my-domain.org\/all<\/pre>\n<p><strong>#6. Create Mail Folders and Fix Permissions<\/strong><br \/>\nNext we need to create the virtual domain folders where user emails will be delivered to and add rights to access this folder and files to the user defined with UID and GID in\u201cmain.cf\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>You can rename this folder to anything you like and also relocate it but be sure to fix the path to it in main.cf also. Do not worry about creating additional directories inside vhosts\/domain\/ folder since Postfix will create this automatically.<\/p>\n<p><code>mkdir \/var\/mail\/vhosts<\/code><br \/>\n<code> chown -R root:mboxuser \/var\/mail\/<\/code><br \/>\n<code> mkdir \/var\/mail\/vhosts\/my-domain1.com<\/code><br \/>\n<code>mkdir \/var\/mail\/vhosts\/my-domain1.org<\/code><br \/>\n<code> chown mboxuser:mboxuser -R \/var\/mail\/vhosts\/<\/code><br \/>\n<strong>#7. Update Postfix Lookup Table<\/strong><br \/>\nNext we should run \u201cpostmap\u201d to update the Postfix lookup table. We should run this everytime we make a change to these files. This creates a hashed .db instances of these files.<\/p>\n<p><code>postmap \/etc\/postfix\/virtual<\/code><br \/>\n<code> postmap \/etc\/postfix\/vmailbox<\/code><br \/>\n<strong>#8. Restart Postfix<\/strong><br \/>\nLet\u2019s restart Postfix for configuration changes to take effect:<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/init.d\/postfix restart<br \/>\nShutting down postfix: [ OK ]<br \/>\nStarting postfix: [ OK ]<br \/>\n..and make sure Postfix is listening on port 25 and 465 (the last is secure SMTP port):<\/p>\n<p>netstat -anp |grep 25<br \/>\ntcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1146\/master<br \/>\nnetstat -anp |grep 465<br \/>\ntcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:465 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1515\/master<\/p>\n<p><strong>#9. Reconfigure IPTables<\/strong><br \/>\nWe must reconfigure IPTables to allow connections on port 25 (SMTP) and 465 (SMTPs).<\/p>\n<p><strong>#10. Testing Postfix<\/strong><br \/>\nYou can try testing our Postfix configuration by sending an email to existing recipient from Gmail. You can verify the log from \/var\/log\/maillog.<br \/>\n<strong>Install and Configure Postfix with Dovecot<\/strong><br \/>\n<code>yum install dovecot<\/code><br \/>\n<code> chkconfig dovecot on<\/code><br \/>\n<strong>#11. Edit Main Dovecot Configuration File<\/strong><br \/>\nBefore making any changes to Dovecot configuration file make a backup of it.<\/p>\n<p>Main Dovecot configuration file is \u201c\/etc\/dovecot\/dovecot.conf\u201d, additional config files are located in \u201c\/etc\/dovecot\/conf.d\u201d directory. Main Dovecot configuration file should look like this:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\"># Uncomment and edit this line\r\nprotocols = imap pop3\r\n\r\n# Uncomment and edit - make dovecot only listen on ipv4\r\nlisten = *\r\n<\/pre>\n<p><strong>#12. Edit Additional Dovecot Configuration Files<\/strong><br \/>\nThere are additional Dovecot configuration files located in \u201c\/etc\/dovecot\/conf.d\u201d directory. We need to edit some of them as follows.<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/dovecot\/10-auth.conf<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\"># Uncomment\r\ndisable_plaintext_auth = yes\r\n\r\n# Comment this line\r\n#!include auth-system.conf.ext\r\n\r\n# Uncomment\r\n!include auth-passwdfile.conf.ext\r\n!include auth-checkpassword.conf.ext\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/dovecot\/conf.d\/10-logging.conf<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\"># Uncomment and edit\r\nlog_path = \/var\/log\/dovecot.log\r\nauth_verbose = yes\r\nauth_verbose_passwords = no\r\nauth_debug = no\r\nauth_debug_passwords = no\r\nmail_debug = no\r\nverbose_ssl = no<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/dovecot\/conf.d\/10-mail.conf<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\"># Uncomment and edit to reflect previous configuration\r\nmail_location = maildir:\/var\/mail\/vhosts\/%d\/%n\r\nmail_uid = 500\r\nmail_gid = 500\r\nmail_privileged_group = mboxuser\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\/etc\/dovecot\/conf.d\/10-master.conf<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\"># Comment this out\r\n#service lmtp {\r\n# unix_listener lmtp {\r\n# }\r\n#}\r\n\r\n# Edit and change\r\nservice auth {\r\nunix_listener auth-userdb {\r\nmode = 0600\r\nuser = postfix\r\ngroup = postfix\r\n}\r\nunix_listener \/var\/spool\/postfix\/private\/auth {\r\nmode = 0666\r\nuser = postfix\r\ngroup = postfix\r\n}\r\n}\r\nservice auth-worker {\r\n}\r\nservice dict {\r\nunix_listener dict {\r\n}\r\n}<\/pre>\n<p>\/etc\/dovecot\/conf.d\/10-ssl.conf<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\"># Uncomment\r\nssl = yes\r\n# Leave this for now - we will change this in Step 16\r\nssl_cert = &lt;\/etc\/pki\/dovecot\/certs\/dovecot.pem\r\nssl_key = &lt;\/etc\/pki\/dovecot\/private\/dovecot.pem<\/pre>\n<p><strong>#13. Generate Passwords for Dovecot Users<\/strong><br \/>\nThe Dovecot users password file location is defined in \u201c\/etc\/dovecot\/conf.d\/auth-passwdfile.conf.ext\u201d. By default this is \u201c\/etc\/dovecot\/users\u201d file. We can generate a password for user using the following command:<\/p>\n<p><code>doveadm pw -s SHA512-CRYPT<\/code><br \/>\nEnter new password:<br \/>\nRetype new password:<br \/>\n{SHA512-CRYPT}$6$7iU6C9qP.Ba2R3bz$3cw0qRM4Q0s1Nh15xaJYzj8qA7AR4KjqQuE4vbMup4Ncg8rIFsnGGNvjH1huYw3.6ijkNWibp51N6N1FTxbJ01<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>We chose to use the strongest SHA512 encryption and as we can see, this command only encrypts the string you entered as password.<\/p>\n<p>Next we need to edit or create a \u201c\/etc\/dovecot\/users\u201d file and enter the information about a user as follows:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">info@my-domain1.com:{SHA512-CRYPT}$6$7iU6C9qP.Ba2R3bz$3cw0qRM4Q0s1Nh15xaJYzj8qA7AR4KjqQuE4vbMup4Ncg8rIFsnGGNvjH1huYw3.6ijkNWibp51N6N1FTxbJ01::::<\/pre>\n<p>We must not forget to add the \u201c::::\u201d at the end of the line to make this work!!<\/p>\n<p>Repeat the process for every mail user on the server.<\/p>\n<p><strong>#14. Start Dovecot<\/strong><br \/>\nWe are finally ready to start Dovecot for the first time.<\/p>\n<p><code>\/etc\/init.d\/dovecot start<\/code><br \/>\nStarting Dovecot Imap: [ OK ]<\/p>\n<p><code><\/code><br \/>\nCheck that Dovecot is listening on IMAP(s) and POP(s) ports:<\/p>\n<p><code>netstat -anpt |grep dovecot<\/code><br \/>\ntcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:110 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1397\/dovecot<br \/>\ntcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:143 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1397\/dovecot<br \/>\ntcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:993 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1397\/dovecot<br \/>\ntcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:995 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1397\/dovecot<\/p>\n<p><code><\/code><br \/>\n<strong>#15. Generate Postfix Self-Signed Certificate<\/strong><br \/>\nWe need to generate a self-signed SSL certificate to be used with Postfix and Dovecot.<\/p>\n<p>Follow these steps to do this:<\/p>\n<p><code>mkdir \/etc\/postfix\/ssl<\/code><br \/>\n<code> cd \/etc\/postfix\/ssl\/<\/code><\/p>\n<p><code>\u00a0openssl genrsa -out postfix.key 2048<\/code><br \/>\nGenerating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus<br \/>\n&#8230;..+++<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.+++<br \/>\ne is 65537 (0x10001)<br \/>\n<code>openssl req -new -key postfix.key -out postfix.csr<\/code><br \/>\nYou are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated<br \/>\ninto your certificate request.<br \/>\nWhat you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.<br \/>\nThere are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank<br \/>\nFor some fields there will be a default value,<br \/>\nIf you enter &#8216;.&#8217;, the field will be left blank.<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>\nCountry Name (2 letter code) [XX]:SI<br \/>\nState or Province Name (full name) []:<br \/>\nLocality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Ljubljana<br \/>\nOrganization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:domain.net<br \/>\nOrganizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:<br \/>\nCommon Name (eg, your name or your server&#8217;s hostname) []:server.domain.net<br \/>\nEmail Address []:info@domain.net<br \/>\nPlease enter the following &#8216;extra&#8217; attributes<br \/>\nto be sent with your certificate request<br \/>\nA challenge password []:<br \/>\nAn optional company name []:<br \/>\n<code>\u00a0openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in postfix.csr -signkey postfix.key -out postfix.crt<\/code><br \/>\nSignature ok<br \/>\nsubject=\/C=SI\/L=Ljubljana\/O=domain.Net\/CN=server.domain.net\/emailAddress=info@domain.net<br \/>\nGetting Private key<br \/>\n<strong>#16. Reconfigure Postfix<\/strong><br \/>\nTo wrap things up, we must reconfigure Postfix to work with Dovecot.<\/p>\n<p>This requires some additional changes to Postfix main.cf and master.cf configuration files as follows.<\/p>\n<p>Add the following lines to the bottom of the \u201c\/etc\/postfix\/main.cf\u201d file:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\"># SSL\/TLS\r\nsmtpd_tls_security_level = may\r\nsmtpd_tls_auth_only = yes\r\nsmtpd_tls_key_file = \/etc\/postfix\/ssl\/postfix.key\r\nsmtpd_tls_cert_file = \/etc\/postfix\/ssl\/postfix.crt\r\nsmtpd_tls_loglevel = 0\r\nsmtpd_tls_received_header = yes\r\nsmtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s\r\ntls_random_source = dev:\/dev\/urandom\r\n\r\n# SASL\r\nsmtpd_sasl_type = dovecot\r\nbroken_sasl_auth_clients = yes\r\nsmtpd_sasl_path = private\/auth\r\nsmtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes\r\nsmtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous\r\n# HELO restrictions:\r\nsmtpd_delay_reject = yes\r\nsmtpd_helo_required = yes\r\nsmtpd_helo_restrictions =\r\npermit_mynetworks,\r\npermit_sasl_authenticated,\r\nreject_non_fqdn_helo_hostname,\r\nreject_invalid_helo_hostname,\r\npermit\r\n# Sender restrictions:\r\nsmtpd_sender_restrictions =\r\npermit_mynetworks,\r\npermit_sasl_authenticated,\r\nreject_non_fqdn_sender,\r\nreject_unknown_sender_domain,\r\npermit\r\n# Recipient restrictions:\r\nsmtpd_recipient_restrictions =\r\nreject_unauth_pipelining,\r\nreject_non_fqdn_recipient,\r\nreject_unknown_recipient_domain,\r\npermit_mynetworks,\r\npermit_sasl_authenticated,\r\nreject_unauth_destination,\r\npermit\r\n# Relay restrictions\r\nsmtpd_relay_restrictions =\r\npermit_mynetworks\r\npermit_sasl_authenticated\r\nreject_unauth_destination\r\npermit\r\n# Limit DOS\r\ndefault_process_limit = 100\r\nsmtpd_client_connection_count_limit = 10\r\nsmtpd_client_connection_rate_limit = 30\r\nqueue_minfree = 20971520\r\nheader_size_limit = 51200\r\nmessage_size_limit = 10485760\r\nsmtpd_recipient_limit = 100<\/pre>\n<p>These are mostly security checks and restrictions for our mail server. With these, we only allow authenticated users to send mail from our servers. Also we are checking if the senders and recipients are comming from a valid domain and more.<\/p>\n<p>We have also configured a basic DOS security just to bounce off any unwanted attacks.<\/p>\n<p>Also we need to edit \u201c\/etc\/postfix\/master.cf\u201d file and uncomment the following lines:<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/postfix\/master.cf<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">submission inet n - n - - smtpd\r\n-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt\r\n-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes\r\n-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject\r\n-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING\r\nsmtps inet n - n - - smtpd\r\n-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes\r\n-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes\r\n-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject\r\n-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING<\/pre>\n<p><strong>#17. Reconfigure Dovecot<\/strong><br \/>\nPlease change the SSL certificate used in Dovecot with the newly generated self-signed certificate as follows. If you leave<\/p>\n<p>Dovecot pointing to default certificate you might encounter some SSL errors:<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/dovecot\/conf.d\/10-ssl.conf<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\"># Uncomment\r\nssl = yes\r\n# Change to point to SSL cert generated in Step 15\r\nssl_cert = &lt;\/etc\/postfix\/ssl\/postfix.crt\r\nssl_key = &lt;\/etc\/postfix\/ssl\/postfix.key<\/pre>\n<p><strong>#18. Reconfigure IPTables<\/strong><br \/>\nWe must reconfigure IPTables to allow connections on ports 110 (POP3), 993 (POP3s), 143 (IMAP) and 993 (IMAPs). Read more on how to reconfigure IPTables HERE.<\/p>\n<p><strong>#19. Restart Postfix and Dovecot<\/strong><br \/>\nAs a final step before testing out our new mail server, we need to restart Postfix and Dovecot services for changes to take effect.<\/p>\n<p><code>\/etc\/init.d\/postfix restart<\/code><br \/>\nShutting down postfix: [ OK ]<br \/>\nStarting postfix: [ OK ]<br \/>\n<code>\/etc\/init.d\/dovecot restart<\/code><br \/>\nStopping Dovecot Imap: [ OK ]<br \/>\nStarting Dovecot Imap: [ OK ]<br \/>\nVoila! We have successfully installed and configured Postfix with Dovecot!<\/p>\n<p>You can now configure your IMAP or POP clients to use your server as a mail server. You can do this on your mobile or desktop clients such as MS Outlook or Thunderbird.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Postfix is a free and open-source mail transfer agent (MTA) that routes and delivers electronic mail, intended as an alternative to Sendmail MTA. Remove sendmail if it was already installed on your system yum remove sendmail #1 Install Postfix Now Install Postfix \u00a0and make sure it started\u00a0at boot by adding&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/pheonixsolutions.com\/blog\/postfix-postfixadmin-dovecot-squirrelmail\/\" class=\"more-link read-more\" rel=\"bookmark\">Continue Reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">install and configure postfix and dovecot on CentOS<\/span><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[284,285],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1690","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"hentry","6":"category-centos","7":"category-postfix","8":"h-entry","10":"h-as-article"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pheonix Solutions - We Empower Your Business Growth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pheonixsolutions.com\/blog\/postfix-postfixadmin-dovecot-squirrelmail\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pheonix Solutions - We Empower Your Business Growth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Postfix is a free and open-source mail transfer agent (MTA) that routes and delivers electronic mail, intended as an alternative to Sendmail MTA. 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