{"id":41,"date":"2012-05-03T07:44:00","date_gmt":"2012-05-03T07:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pheonixsolutions.com\/?p=41"},"modified":"2012-06-20T08:45:20","modified_gmt":"2012-06-20T08:45:20","slug":"linux-server-settings-for-high-load-systems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pheonixsolutions.com\/blog\/linux-server-settings-for-high-load-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux server settings for high load systems"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: left;\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<div style=\"text-align: -webkit-auto;\"><strong>Linux settings for high load systems<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">There are a few basic settings you have to adjust for high load systems to make sure the server have enough resources to handle big number of network connections. The main parameter is a maximum number of opened files allowed for the process to keep at the same time. Each network connection uses a file handler therefore if the limit is too low you can quickly run out of handlers and the server can not accept any more connections.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">This limit is set on 2 levels &#8211; on the kernel level (fs.file-max) and on the system level (nofile). Another kernel property which can be important in certain configurations (like transports installations or when you use proxy for Bosh connections) is: <strong>net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range<\/strong>. This parameter can be set the same way as the fs.file-max property.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>fs.file-max<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">The fs.file-max kernel property is set via sysctl command. You can see current settings executing command:<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">view source\u00c2\u00a0print?<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>1 # sysctl fs.file-max<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>2 fs.file-max = 358920<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">If you plan to run high load service with big number of server connections then this parameter should be at least as twice big as the number of network connections you expect to support. You can change this setting executing command:<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">view source<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">print?<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>1 # sysctl -w fs.file-max=360000<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>2 fs.file-max = 360000<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">You can see current settings executing command:<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">view source<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">print?<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>1 # sysctl net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>2 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768 61000<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">You can change this setting executing command:<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">view source<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">print?<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>1 # sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=&#8221;1024 65000&#8243;<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>2 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>\/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">Above commands let the system remember new settings until the next system restart. If you want to make the change permanent you have to edit file: \/etc\/sysctl.conf and add the property at the end of the file:<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">view source<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">print?<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>1 fs.file-max=360000<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>2 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=1024 65000<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">It will be automatically loaded next time you start the server. Command:<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">view source<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">print?<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>1 # sysctl -p<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">Causes the \/etc\/systcl.conf to be reloaded which is useful when you added more parameters to the file and don&#8217;t want to restart the server.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">nofile<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">This is the property used by the system limits. For example running the command ulimit -a shows you all limits set for the current user:<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">view source<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">print?<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>01 # ulimit -a<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>02 core file size (blocks, -c) 0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>03 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>04 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>05 pending signals (-i) 38912<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>06 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 32<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>07 max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>08 open files (-n) 40960<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>09 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>10 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>11 stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>12 cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>13 max user processes (-u) 38912<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>14 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>15 file locks (-x) unlimited<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">To make it even more interesting and more complex there are 2 types of system limits: soft limit which can be temporarily exceeded by the user and hard limit which can not be exceeded. To see your hard limit execute command:<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">view source<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">print?<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>01 # ulimit -a -H<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>02 core file size (blocks, -c) unlimited<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>03 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>04 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>05 pending signals (-i) 38912<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>06 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 32<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>07 max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>08 open files (-n) 40960<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>09 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>10 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>11 stack size (kbytes, -s) unlimited<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>12 cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>13 max user processes (-u) 38912<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>14 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>15 file locks (-x) unlimited<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">The hard limits are usually bigger then the soft limits or sometimes the same. For us the most important parameter is: open files. You can change the property in file: \/etc\/security\/limits.conf. You have to append 2 following lines to the end of the file:<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">view source<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">print?<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>1 jabber soft nofile 350000<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>2 jabber hard nofile 350000<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">Where the jabber is the user name of the account running you IM service. You can also set the limits for all users on the machine in a following way:<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">view source<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">print?<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>1 * soft nofile 350000<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><strong>2 * hard nofile 350000<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;\">For those changes to make an effect you have to logout from the modified account and login again. New limits should be applied.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Linux settings for high load systems There are a few basic settings you have to adjust for high load systems to make sure the server have enough resources to handle big number of network connections. The main parameter is a maximum number of opened files allowed for the process to&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/pheonixsolutions.com\/blog\/linux-server-settings-for-high-load-systems\/\" class=\"more-link read-more\" rel=\"bookmark\">Continue Reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Linux server settings for high load systems<\/span><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-41","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"hentry","6":"category-uncategorized","7":"h-entry","9":"h-as-article"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pheonix Solutions - We Empower Your Business Growth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pheonixsolutions.com\/blog\/linux-server-settings-for-high-load-systems\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pheonix Solutions - We Empower Your Business Growth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Linux settings for high load systems There are a few basic settings you have to adjust for high load systems to make sure the server have enough resources to handle big number of network connections. 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