Cpanel Back End Files

WHM : Web Host Manager

====================

http://IPaddress:2086

http://IPaddress/whm

WHM related files

===============

/var/cpanel – whm files

+ bandwidth/ – rrd files of domains

+ username.accts – reseller accounts are listed in this files

+ packages – hosting packages are listed here

+ root.accts – root owned domains are listed here

+ suspended – suspended accounts are listed here

+ users/ – cpanel user file – theme, bwlimit, addon, parked, sub-domains all

are listed in this files

+ zonetemplates/ – dns zone template files are taken from here

Cpanel

==========

http://domainname:2082

http://IP:2082

http://domainname/cpanel

Mail

=========

The important sections under the Mail is defined below.

Email Accounts: In this area you can manage the email accounts associated with

your domain(s).

Webmail : Webmail allows you to check your email from a web browser as

opposed to a desktop mail application such as Outlook Express or Thunderbird.

This means that you can check your email from any web browser

Boxtrapper : BoxTrapper protects your inbox from spam by forcing all people

not on your white list to reply to a verification email before they can send

mail to you.

Spamassassin: SpamAssassin is an automated email filtering system that attempts

to identify spam messages based on the content of the email’s headers and

body.

Autoresponders :You can use autoresponders to send a message back

automatically to anyone who sends an email to a certain account.

Forwarders :Forwarders allow you to send a copy of all mail from one email

address to another.

Default Address: The default email address will “catch” any mail that is sent

to an invalid email address for your domain. All mail that is sent to an

address that does not exist will go to the default email address. To send all

default mail to the main mail account, type the user name of your cPanel

account in the email address input field.

Userlevel Filtering: In this area you can manage filters for each user. Each

user filter is processed after the main account filters.

Exim back end files

=================

Conf : /etc/exim.conf – exim main configuration file

/etc/localdomains – list of domains allowed to relay mail

Log : /var/log/exim_mainlog – incoming/outgoing mails are logged here

/var/log/exim_rejectlog – exim rejected mails are reported here

/exim errors are logged here

Mail queue: /var/spool/exim/input

Cpanel script to restart exim – /scripts/restartsrv_exim

Email forwarders and catchall address file – /etc/valiases/domainname.com

Email filters file – /etc/vfilters/domainname.com

POP user authentication file – /home/username/etc/domainname/passwd

catchall inbox – /home/username/mail/inbox

POP user inbox – /home/username/mail/domainname/popusername/inbox

POP user spambox – /home/username/mail/domainname/popusername/spam

Program : /usr/sbin/exim (suid – -rwsr-xr-x 1 root root )

Init Script: /etc/rc.d/init.d/exim

FILES

=========

Backup and BackUp Wiazrd: Backups allow you to download (to your computer) a

zipped copy of either you entire site (your home directory, databases, email

forwarders configuration, email filters configuration) or one of the previously

mentioned parts of your site.

File Manager: Helps you to download upload and create new files and give

permission to the folders and files listed inside it.

WebDisk : You can create a Web Disk login and access your Web Disk below. Once

your Web Disk is configured, you can then drag and drop files to it just like

they are part of your home computer. You can also navigate through the files in

your hosting account just as you do the files on your local computer.

FTP Accounts : FTP Accounts allow you to access your web site’s files through a

protocol called FTP. You will need a third party FTP program to access your

files.

ProFTPD

========

Program :/usr/sbin/proftpd

Init Script :/etc/rc.d/init.d/proftpd

Conf: /etc/proftpd.conf

Log: /var/log/messages, /var/log/xferlog

FTP accounts file – /etc/proftpd/username – all ftp accounts for the domain are

listed here

Pure-FTPD

=========

Program : /usr/sbin/pure-ftpd

Init Script :/etc/rc.d/init.d/pure-ftpd

Conf: /etc/pure-ftpd.conf

Anonymous ftp document root – /etc/pure-ftpd/ip-address

LOGS

========

Bandwidth :This function allows you to see the bandwidth usage for your site.

It shows the current month’s bandwidth usage as well as your total bandwidth

usage. This will include all HTTP (web) and POP (mail) bandwidth usage and may

include FTP bandwidth usage if your system administrator has enabled FTP

bandwidth loggin

Webalizer Stats :Webalizer is a complex stats program that produces a variety

of charts and graphs about who has visited your site.

SECURITY

=============

IP Deny Manager:This feature will allow you to block a range of IP addresses

to prevent them from accessing your site. You can also enter a fully qualified

domain name, and the IP Deny Manager will attempt to resolve it to an IP

address for you.

SSL/TLS Manager:The SSL/TLS Manager will allow you to generate ssl

certificates, signing requests, and keys.

HotLink Protection:HotLink protection prevents other websites from directly

linking to files (as specified below) on your website.

Leech Protect: Leech Protect allows you to prevent your users from giving out

or publicly posting their password to a restricted area of your site.

Password Protect: You can limit access to certain resources of your website by

password protecting the directories they are in. While doing the applying the

password protection you required an username and passoword for accessing those

directories from web.

/home/username/.htpasswd … where the username and encrypted password is

stored.

Put the .htaccess file in the directory of the file that you wish to be

protected.

AuthName “Member Only”

AuthType Basic

AuthUserFile /home/username/.htpasswd

require valid-user

DOMAINS

==============

Subdomains: Subdomains are URLs for different sections of your website

Addon Domains:An addon domain allows you to reach a sub-domain when entering

the name of the addon domain into a browse

Parked Domains: Parked Domains (Domain pointers) allow you to “point” or

“park” additional domain names to your existing hosting account.

Redirects : Redirects allow you to make a specific web page redirect to another

page and display the contents of that page.

DATABASES.

===========

MySQL Databases: Mysql data base and the corresponding users can be created

here.

Mysql Database wizard: For creation of Database and giving the privilleges.

phpMyadmin : phpMyAdmin is a third-party tool included with cPanel, used for

maniuplating MySQL databases over the Internet. Using phpMyAdmin, you can add

and drop databases, create, alter, and delete tables, add, edit, and delete

fields, execute SQL statements, and manage users, keys, and permissions.

Mysql backend files

=======

Program : /usr/bin/mysql

Init Script : /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql

Conf : /etc/my.cnf, /root/.my.cnf

Data directory – /var/lib/mysql – Where all databases are stored.

Database naming convention – username_dbname (eg: john_sales)

Permissions on databases – drwx 2 mysql mysql

Socket file – /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock, tmp mysql.sock

Software/Services:

=================

CGI Center : Short for “Common Gateway Interface,” CGI lets a web server run

pieces of software called scripts. cPanel’s CGI Center provides CGI scripts

that can do many useful things for your website, like create a guestbook,

clock, hit counter, countdown clock, and banner ads.

Site Software : This interface allows you to add useful software to your

website. Your web host controls what software is available.

PHP PEAR Packages : Using these features you can add and manage PHP packages.

PHP Configuration — This feature allows you to view specific information about

your server’s PHP configuration.

Perl Modules : This feature provides an interface for you to add and manage

Perl modules.

Optimize Website — This feature can automatically compress content on your

website, when that content is requested by visitors.

Deploying a Ruby on Rails Environment : To create and deploy a Ruby on Rails

application.

ADVANCED

========

Apache Handlers :This interface allows you to add and manage Apache handlers.

Apache handlers control how your site’s Apache web server software manages

certain file types and file extensions.

Image Manager :cPanel includes 3 tools to help you manage the images you use

on your website.

Index Manager :This interface allows you to configure how a directory index

will appear to those who access it.

Error Pages :This interface allows you to customize the appearance of your

error pages. An error page informs a visitor when there is a problem accessing

your site.

Cron Jobs :cPanel provides 2 interfaces for editing cron jobs. Cron jobs are

scheduled tasks that take place at predefined times or intervals on the server.

FrontPage® Extensions :This feature allows you to enable or disable FrontPage

extensions. FrontPage extensions will allow web pages to be published directly

from the Microsoft® FrontPage application, eliminating the need to use FTP.

Network Tools :This area of cPanel’s interface contains tools for retrieving

network information.

Submit a Support Request : This feature makes it easy for you to submit

support requests and change your contact email address. However, it is

important to remember that this function may not be active per your web host’s

configuration and terms.

MIME Types :This feature allows you to create and manage MIME types. MIME

types relay information to the browser about how to handle file extensions.

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Apache

=======

/usr/local/apache

+ bin- apache binaries are stored here – httpd, apachectl, apxs

+ conf – configuration files – httpd.conf

+ cgi-bin

+ domlogs – domain log files are stored here

+ htdocs

+ include – header files

+ libexec – shared object (.so) files are stored here –

libphp4.so,mod_rewrite.so

+ logs – apache logs – access_log, error_log, suexec_log

+ man – apache manual pages

+ proxy –

+ icons –

Init Script :/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd – apache start script

Cpanel script to restart apache – /scripts/restartsrv_httpd

Exim

=====

Conf : /etc/exim.conf – exim main configuration file

/etc/localdomains – list of domains allowed to relay mail

Log : /var/log/exim_mainlog – incoming/outgoing mails are logged here

/var/log/exim_rejectlog – exim rejected mails are reported here

/exim errors are logged here

Mail queue: /var/spool/exim/input

Cpanel script to restart exim – /scripts/restartsrv_exim

Email forwarders and catchall address file – /etc/valiases/domainname.com

Email filters file – /etc/vfilters/domainname.com

POP user authentication file – /home/username/etc/domainname/passwd

catchall inbox – /home/username/mail/inbox

POP user inbox – /home/username/mail/domainname/popusername/inbox

POP user spambox – /home/username/mail/domainname/popusername/spam

Program : /usr/sbin/exim (suid – -rwsr-xr-x 1 root root )

Init Script: /etc/rc.d/init.d/exim

Frontpage Extensions

=================

Program – (Install): /usr/local/frontpage/version5.0/bin/owsadm.exe

Uninstall and then install for re-installations

FP files are found as _vti-bin, _vti-pvt, _vti-cnf, vti-log inside the

public_html

SSHD

======

Program :/usr/local/sbin/sshd

Init Script :/etc/rc.d/init.d/sshd

/etc/ssh/sshd_config

Log: /var/log/messages

Perl

====

Program :/usr/bin/perl

Directory :/usr/lib/perl5/5.6.1/

PHP

====

Program :/usr/local/bin/php, /usr/bin/php

ini file: /usr/local/lib/php.ini – apache must be restarted after any change to

this file

php can be recomplied using /scripts/easyapache

Named(BIND)

============

Program: /usr/sbin/named

Init Script: /etc/rc.d/init.d/named

/etc/named.conf

db records:/var/named/

/var/log/messages

————————————————————————————————————————————–

Cpanel installation directory structure

=============================

/usr/local/cpanel

+ 3rdparty/ – tools like fantastico, mailman files are located here

+ addons/ – AdvancedGuestBook, phpBB etc

+ base/ – phpmyadmin, squirrelmail, skins, webmail etc

+ bin/ – cpanel binaries

+ cgi-sys/ – cgi files like cgiemail, formmail.cgi, formmail.pl etc

+ logs/ – cpanel access log and error log

+ whostmgr/ – whm related files

WHM related files

===============

/var/cpanel – whm files

+ bandwidth/ – rrd files of domains

+ username.accts – reseller accounts are listed in this files

+ packages – hosting packages are listed here

+ root.accts – root owned domains are listed here

+ suspended – suspended accounts are listed here

+ users/ – cpanel user file – theme, bwlimit, addon, parked, sub-domains all

are listed in this files

+ zonetemplates/ – dns zone template files are taken from here

Common CPanel scripts

===================

cpanel/whm Scripts are located in scripts

+ addns – add a dns zone

+ addfpmail – Add frontpage mail extensions to all domains without them

+ addfpmail2 -Add frontpage mail extensions to all domains without them

+ addnetmaskips – Add the netmask 255.255.255.0 to all IPs that have no

netmask

+ addnobodygrp – Adds the gorup nobody and activates security

+ addpop – add a pop account

+ addservlets – Add JSP support to an account (requires tomcat)

+ addstatus – (Internal use never called by user)

+ adduser – Add a user to the system

+ bandwidth – (OLD)

+ betaexim – Installs the latest version of exim

+ biglogcheck – looks for logs nearing 2 gigabytes in size

+ bsdcryptoinstall – Installs crypto on FreeBSD

+ bsdldconfig – Configures the proper lib directories in FreeBSD

+ bsdpkgpingtest – Tests the connection speed for downloading FreeBSD packages

+ buildbsdexpect – Install expect on FreeBSD

+ builddomainaddr – (OLD)

+ buildeximconf – Rebuilds exim.conf

+ buildpostgrebsd-dev – Installs postgresql on FreeBSD.

+ chcpass – change cpanel passwords

+ easyapache – recompile/upgrade apache and/or php

+ exim4 – reinstall exim and fix permissions

+ fixcommonproblems – fixes most common problems

+ fixfrontpageperm – fixes permission issues with Front Page

+ fixmailman – fixes common mailman issues

+ fixnamed – fixes common named issues

+ fixndc – fixes rndc errors with named

+ fixquotas – fixes quota problems

+ fullhordereset – resets horde database to a fresh one – all previous user

data are lost

+ initquotas – initializes quotas

+ installzendopt – installs zend optimizer

+ killacct – terminate an account – make sure you take a backup of the account

first

+ mailperm – fixes permission problems with inboxes

+ park – to park a domain

+ pkgacct – used to backup an account

+ restartsrv – restart script for services

+ restorepkg – restores an account from a backup file ( pkgacct file)

+ runlogsnow – update logs of all users

+ runweblogs – update stats for a particular user

+ securetmp – secures /tmp partition with options nosuexec and nosuid

+ suspendacct – suspends an account

+ unsuspendacct – unsuspends a suspended account

+ upcp – updates cpanel to the latest version

+ updatenow – updates the cpanel scripts

+ updateuserdomains – updates userdomain entries

Important cpanel/whm files

====================

/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf – apache configuration file

/etc/exim.conf – mail server configuration file

/etc/named.conf – name server (named) configuration file

/etc/proftpd.conf – proftpd server configuration file

/etc/pure-ftpd.conf – pure-ftpd server configuration file

/etc/valiases/domainname – catchall and forwarders are set here

/etc/vfilters/domainname – email filters are set here

/etc/userdomains – all domains are listed here – addons, parked,subdomains

along with their usernames

/etc/localdomains – exim related file – all domains should be listed here to be

able to send mails

/var/cpanel/users/username – cpanel user file

/var/cpanel/cpanel.config – cpanel configuration file ( Tweak Settings )*

/etc/cpbackup-userskip.conf –

/etc/sysconfig/network – Networking Setup*

/etc/hosts –

/var/spool/exim –

/var/spool/cron –

/etc/resolv.conf – Networking Setup–> Resolver Configuration

/etc/nameserverips – Networking Setup–> Nameserver IPs ( FOr resellers to

give their nameservers )

/var/cpanel/resellers – For addpkg, etc permissions for resellers.

/etc/chkserv.d – Main >> Service Configuration >> Service Manager *

/var/run/chkservd – Main >> Server Status >> Service Status *

/var/log/dcpumon – top log process

/root/cpanel3-skel – skel directory. Eg: public_ftp, public_html. (Account

Functions–>Skeleton Directory )*

/etc/wwwacct.conf – account creation defaults file in WHM (Basic cPanel/WHM

Setup)*

/etc/cpupdate.conf – Update Config *

/etc/cpbackup.conf – Configure Backup*

/etc/clamav.conf – clamav (antivirus configuration file )

/etc/my.cnf – mysql configuration file

/usr/local/Zend/etc/php.ini OR /usr/local/lib/php.ini – php configuration file

/etc/ips – ip addresses on the server (except the shared ip) (IP Functions–

>Show IP Address Usage )*

/etc/ipaddrpool – ip addresses which are free

/etc/ips.dnsmaster – name server ips

/var/cpanel/Counters – To get the counter of each users