Git Commands and Tutorials

Git Commands and Tutorials

Date posted : 21.09.2018

In this article we learn about the overview of git commands and step by step tutorials.

Basic Git Tutorial:

This tutorial provides a list of the most common GIT commands and a short description to explore lot in it.

Git at three States:

• Commited (stored in local database).
• Modified (file changed but not commited to database).
• Staged (modified file is marked to go into the next commit snapshot).

Step 1:  Git Installation in Linux:

For Debian Linux based environment use this command line.

● apt-get install git

For Centos based environment use this command line.

● yum install git

Step 2:  Git Configuration:

# git config --global user.name "Name Surname"

# git config --global user. Email name.surname@xyz.com

Step 3: Getting Git Repository:

• To clone existing repository from server 2:

         If you want to get a copy of an existing Git repository,Use git clone [URL].

         git clone user@server:/path.git

  # git clone username@/10.1.1.1:/usr/local/blog01.git

• To start tracking new/edited filename(add single file at a time).

# git add filename

• Let’s start tracking all changed/new files(add multiple files at a time).

# git add . (git add -A)

•  Save changes to the local repository.

# git commit -m 'Commit message’

Step 4: Recording changes to the repository:

• status

# git status

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Step 5: Recording changes to the repository:

• Tracking our files.
• To Begin tracking a new file (directory).

# git add

Step 6: Recording changes to the repository:

• Staging modified files.
• To Stage the file, add this content to the next commit.

#git add

Step 7: Viewing staged and unstaged changes:

• To view what changes but not yet get staged ,So that diff command is used.

#git diff

Step 8: Recording changes to the repository:

• To commit your changes to the local repository.

# git commit

Step 9:  To Viewing the commit history:

# git log

Step 10: Working with remotes:

• Fetch: To fetch all the information  you don’t have from remote repository, no automatic merging occurs here.

#git fetch

• Merge: To  automatically merge data from remote with your repository data.

#git merge

• Pull: To fetch and merge automatically.
• pull = fetch + merge

#git pull

• Push:To push your version to the server.

$ git push origin master

Good Note:

Git won’t allow to push to the remote which is ahead of your version:

At first needed to be fetch. Otherwise show a error as follows,

![rejected] master -> master (non-fast-forward)

error: failed to push some refs to 'http://gituser/XYZ.git'.

hint: Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind.

hint: its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')


hint: before pushing again.

hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.