Git Commands and Tutorials

Date posted : 21.09.2018

In this article we learn about the overview of git commands and step by step tutorials.

Basic Git Tutorial:

This tutorial provides a list of the most common GIT commands and a short description to explore lot in it.

Git at three States:

  • Commited (stored in local database).
  • Modified (file changed but not commited to database).
  • Staged (modified file is marked to go into the next commit snapshot).

Step 1:  Git Installation in Linux:

For Debian Linux based environment use this command line.

● apt-get install git

For Centos based environment use this command line.

● yum install git

Step 2:  Git Configuration:

# git config --global user.name "Name Surname"

# git config --global user. Email name.surname@xyz.com

Step 3: Getting Git Repository:

  • To clone existing repository from server 2:

         If you want to get a copy of an existing Git repository,Use git clone [URL].

         git clone user@server:/path.git

  # git clone username@/10.1.1.1:/usr/local/blog01.git

  • To start tracking new/edited filename(add single file at a time).

# git add filename

  • Let’s start tracking all changed/new files(add multiple files at a time).

# git add . (git add -A)

  •  Save changes to the local repository.

# git commit -m 'Commit message’

Step 4: Recording changes to the repository:

  • status

# git status

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Step 5: Recording changes to the repository:

  • Tracking our files.
  • To Begin tracking a new file (directory).

# git add

Step 6: Recording changes to the repository:

  • Staging modified files.
  • To Stage the file, add this content to the next commit.

#git add

Step 7: Viewing staged and unstaged changes:

  • To view what changes but not yet get staged ,So that diff command is used.

#git diff

Step 8: Recording changes to the repository:

  • To commit your changes to the local repository.

# git commit

Step 9:  To Viewing the commit history:

# git log

Step 10: Working with remotes:

  • Fetch: To fetch all the information  you don’t have from remote repository, no automatic merging occurs here.

#git fetch

  • Merge: To  automatically merge data from remote with your repository data.

#git merge

  • Pull: To fetch and merge automatically.
  • pull = fetch + merge

#git pull

  • Push:To push your version to the server.

$ git push origin master

Good Note:

Git won’t allow to push to the remote which is ahead of your version:

At first needed to be fetch. Otherwise show a error as follows,

![rejected] master -> master (non-fast-forward)

error: failed to push some refs to 'http://gituser/XYZ.git'.

hint: Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind.

hint: its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')

hint: before pushing again.

hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.

 

Still now we have practiced some basic git commands.We hope it will be useful for the Beginners. Write  us in the comment box for any suggestions. Thanks in advance.

 

 

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